Especially, consignment violins may not be advertised online.
Your price range screams "Chinese violin." There are other options like older German instruments that have been reconditioned, etc., but those will be harder to find.
There are a few shops in Richmond as well. I bought a violin for my daughter from Jan Hampton, and I have been to Jane Kapeller's a couple of times. (Don Leister makes violins but hey are not in your price range.) Those are all reputable businesses. Make a vacation of it and tour the Virginia State Capitol - that's quite an interesting tour. Richmond was more of a drive for me as I live in Blacksburg.
I actually have never been to Potter's but my best violin has been there and back -- thanks to UPS. Potter's put PegHeds into it and gave it a professional cleaning. They were easy to work with and they did a great job.
I'd recommend starting with Brobst, just because it's in Alexandria and it's closest to you. Next, Potter's in Takoma Park because they're the largest shop. And then Gailes in College Park, which caters to the student population. Then Weaver's in Bethesda specifically for their Kono violins. Finally Lashof's in Gaithersburg (good prices, less skilled service). If, between all that, there's nothing you like, go up to Baltimore and visit Perrin's.
All of those primary focus on the student trade, though Potter's and Brobst also deal in higher-end stuff.
In your price range, you might also try Craigslist.
Fun facts: my first professional violin came from Weaver, and the founder of Lashof's was my standpartner for a year in youth orchestra. I think he sold the business, though.
Paul and Lydia give good advice.
In the $1k-2k range, look at everything regardless of brand, origin, etc. They're all pretty much workshop instruments, regardless of when and where they were made.
As Paul mentioned, Jan Hampton in Richmond has a number of instruments in your price range. I have bought a viola and a cello from them and have been very happy with my purchases and service. I was not as happy with my experience at Kapellers, but they do have a lot of inventory.
Good luck in your search.
Condition is obviously not a factor in new instruments, but it's a factor in older instruments -- you do need to look at repairs in older instruments (how major the damage was, how good the repair is, how stable the repair is, etc.).
So far your contribution has been to recommend everyone buy a new Chinese violin on the internet from Fiddlerman. Violins which I might add are not even set up properly to the high standards of every violin I sell in my shop.
I mean if you try 100 $300 Chinese instruments you're going to get one that sounds like a $2,000+ instrument. Sometimes everything does fall together.
But who has that kind of sitting inventory of $300 instruments and who has that kind of time. If you value your time at all you'll try 3 or 4 and (unless you hit the 1/100) say 'okay these are not for me' and grab something else to try. I wouldn't worry so much about the effects on the more traditional violin trade, because unless the instruments really are consistently that good they're not going to replace it any time soon - let people recommend them and if they ever do get that consistent in quality then perhaps a paradigm shift is in order.
The people that are buying them likely aren't able to afford what you're offering and belong to a different market segment. Even when they can afford to purchase a more expensive instrument, what fair rationale to the customer is there to limit their options. The best product will speak for itself - as you said, when you can get them through the door your product sells it self.
It's a lot like Fords and Lincolns. Because Ford has great options at a lower price doesn't mean less Buicks are sold - the people that can afford and want a Lincoln are still going to buy one. But if the only acceptable car on the market is a Lincoln, then the people who can't afford a Lincoln suddenly are not able to have a car. Maybe better for the environment, but not the people who need to get to work, class, the hospital, etc, without major disposable incomes.
I guess by your analogy if you try 100 Ford Fiestas, you're going to find one that performs like a Ferrari!!
With workshop made instruments there are too many variables - you work on instruments so you know that simple having a different person carve a part can have a huge effect on just about everything. It is more likely that once in awhile that by fluke all the pieces are produced and assembled in just the right way to make a high quality instrument. It won't happen often, but it can happen. On the other hand, my little Hyundai's engine can't suddenly mutate to have an additional 8 cylinders ;)
Although if it had a real frame it might be fun to put a sports engine into her!
If you started with the highest quality aged tonewood and good varnish, I could concede you might have a good violin that doesn't look so well made, some 100 year old production violins can sound quite good, even though they look really cheap, largely because they used relatively good wood and varnish, and were put together by someone that understood tone more than perfect looks. Cheaper Chinese violins tend to be just the opposite, they get the looks quite well, but not the tone, because they use cheap materials and the makers know more about looks than they do about tone.
Under $1000 antiques kind of covers most violins with a Stradivari or Guarneri label, not to mention Stainer or Schweitzer, they can be fixed up professionally with new German strings etc for about $200, by which time they are in better playing condition than 95% of these Chinese imports. Whether you like the sound of an affordable antique over similarly priced new Chinese is a decision that should be left up to the customer, not decided by internet luminati.
Cheers Carlo
Funny you would link Trump to Chinese violin sales, sounds like just the kind of crap Trump would support!!!
Now if it involves local violin luthiers, painstakingly restoring old violins and giving them new life, for sure I think, Trump would be against that!!!
https://www.google.com/#q=violin+stores+in+memphis+tn
http://pottersviolins.com/trade-in-policies.html
Especially note that the policy refers to the violin only. "Cases and bows are purchased separately and do not retain any trade-in value."
All the local shops will negotiate trade-ins on bows that retain a retail value. (And they will consider trade-ins for instruments and bows that they didn't sell you, also.)
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If you can't play well enough to be confident in a selection have someone come with you who is, or inquire of their staff. From a cursory examination the two locations you listed appear to cater to more professional grade players look for concert level instruments, and not instruments for beginners or early intermediates.
At that price range you're still likely looking at factory type instruments, such as your Brecker, a Gliga, or Chinese. There might be some good deals on antiques but I wouldn't hold out for it in that price range. Anything you get likely will not be much better than a factory instrument unless you believe in the myth that older is automatically better.
Let your fingers and ears guide you and get some wood under them.
Maybe someone more in tune with the American market can offer a better answer. I noticed earlier that Paul Deck is from that area, and has been in the violin world for quite some time. Maybe he will be by and offer some better advice :)