I can only think of Passacaglia, Brahms Double concerto, and Ravel Sonata.
+1 on Kodaly, it really is an awesome piece of music. Yum.
Our old friend IMSLP to the rescue:
Violin & Cello
http://imslp.org/index.php?title=Category:For_violin%2C_cello&transclude=Template:Catintro
Violin & Cello (arrangements)
http://imslp.org/index.php?title=Category:For_violin%2C_cello_%28arr%29&transclude=Template:Catintro
Among the "arrangements" may I especially draw attention to this spectacular piece,
Halvorsen, Johan Passacaglia for Violin and Viola, which I have seen performed on violin and cello (and it's not easy) - is it the "Passacaglia" the OP mentioned? You can listen to it on IMSLP, for free.
I am not sure what level you are looking for. Sonatas for violin and continuo generally work nicely for violin and cello. Bach wrote two (G major and e minor). I have played some of the Handel sonatas (op. 1) in that combination, as well.
I just had another thought. Some of the Bach two-voice canons from Art of the Fugue work for violin and cello (available on IMSLP).
Check out the Friedrich Hermann Grand Duo op.12 and then check out the Servais duos written in collaboration with Vieuxtemps, Ghys, and Leonard. We've recorded these all with Naxos.
There are Beethoven duos originally for clarinet and bassoon, transcribed and arranged for violin/cello. So look them up under clarinet /bassoon and then look under arrangements/transcriptions.
There are salon type music duos by Heinrich Anton Hoffmann.
Some of the Albrechtsberger are very nice as well.
Here the imslp search that will get you these plus lots of others:
http://imslp.org/wiki/List_of_Compositions_for_String_Duo
It's not a major orchestral piece or anything, but Humoresque is easy and sounds pretty good as a violin/cello duet. (link)
Here also a number of Handel flute sonatas that work very well for violin and cello:
http://conquest.imslp.info/files/imglnks/usimg/c/c2/IMSLP200581-PMLP340875-Sonatas_a_Flauto_e_Cembalo_score.pdf
Ervin Schulhoff wrote a good duo for violin and cello. If I remember correctly, it dates from the 1920s when he was using Czech folk idioms. It's an interesting work that is more along the lines of the Kodaly.
Jaime Laredo and Sharon Robinson have performed and recorded some pieces for violin and cello. They have a CD called "Conversations." I saw them perform the collection of short pieces by David Ott at a concert and thoroughly enjoyed them. Again, depending on the level of difficulty you are interested in, you might check these out.
Perhaps a good cellist could manage the viola part of the Mozart (pseudo Michael Haydn) violin-viola duets?
There is one good VIOLA-cello duet by Beethoven ("Two eyeglasses"), but that's not what you're after, is it.
There is a violin-cello version of the Mozart K. 423 and 424 duos available. Published by Bärenreiter if memory serves me.
London-based folk fiddler Pete Cooper and cellist Richard Cooper have a CD "Turning Point" of fiddle and cello duets, some of which are sourced from the English folk tradition, and others drawing on various playing styles and dance forms.
This discussion has been archived and is no longer accepting responses.
Violinist.com is made possible by...
International Violin Competition of Indianapolis
Violinist.com Holiday Gift Guide
Dimitri Musafia, Master Maker of Violin and Viola Cases
Johnson String Instrument/Carriage House Violins
Discover the best of Violinist.com in these collections of editor Laurie Niles' exclusive interviews.

Violinist.com Interviews Volume 1, with introduction by Hilary Hahn

Violinist.com Interviews Volume 2, with introduction by Rachel Barton Pine
April 22, 2013 at 06:46 AM · KODALY!